What is python file extension

What do the python file extensions, .pyc .pyd .pyo stand for?

.pyc: The compiled bytecode. If you import a module, python will build a *.pyc file that contains the bytecode to make importing it again later easier (and faster).

.pyo: A *.pyc file that was created while optimizations (-O) was on.

.pyd: A windows dll file for Python.

In Python, there are several file extensions that are used to indicate different types of files. Here are some of the most common file extensions in Python and their meanings −

.py files

.py: This is the standard file extension for Python source code files. These files contain Python code that can be executed by a Python interpreter. Python source code is written in files with a .py extension. For example, a file named «my_script.py» contains Python code that can be executed by a Python interpreter. −

Example

# hello.py # my_script.py def greet(name): print("Hello, " + name + "!") greet("Alice")

Output

This code can be run by executing python hello.py in the command line.

.pyc files

pyc: This is the file extension for compiled Python code files. When a .py file is executed, the Python interpreter compiles the code to bytecode and saves it in a .pyc file to improve performance on subsequent executions.

When you run this script, the interpreter will create a compiled bytecode version of the code and save it to a file named my_script.pyc. For example −

Example

Output

Running this code will generate a hello.pyc file in the same directory.

.pyo files

.pyo: This is another file extension for compiled Python code files. The only difference between .pyc and .pyo files is that .pyo files are compiled with optimizations enabled. If you run this script with the -O flag, the interpreter will create an optimized compiled bytecode version of the code and save it to a file named my_script.pyo. For example −

Example

# hello.py # my_script.py def greet(name): print("Hello, " + name + "!") greet("Alice")

Output

Running this code will generate a my_script.pyc file, but running the code with the -O flag (python -O my_script.py) will generate a my_script.pyo file instead.

.pyd files

.pyd: This is a file extension used on Windows for binary files that contain compiled Python code. These files are similar to .pyc files, but are designed to be used as dynamic link libraries (DLLs) that can be loaded by other programs. If you have a Python module that contains code written in C or C++, the compiled code is saved to a shared library file with a .pyd file extension. It must be noted that .pyd files are specific to the Windows platform. On other platforms (such as macOS or Linux), the equivalent file extension is .so (shared object) or .dylib (dynamic library).

Example

# mymodule.py # my_module.py def add(a, b): return a + b print(add(3,4)) # my_module.pyd # code implements the `add` function and is compiled to a shared library

Output

Compiling this code with cython —embed mymodule.py will generate a mymodule.c file, which can then be compiled into a mymodule.pyd file using a C compiler.

Overall, these file extensions in Python represent different stages of code compilation and execution; different types of files have their corresponding purposes.Understanding their meanings and differences can help you write more efficient and optimized Python code,and choose the appropriate file extensions for your specific needs.

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What is the Correct File Extension for Python Files?

When creating programs and code in Python, the correct file extension for your code is .py.

There are a few other file extensions associated with Python files. In this article, we will discuss the four different Python file types and the file extensions for each of these file types.

File Extension for Python Source Code

As mentioned above, the file extension for your source code in Python is .py.

After writing your program, script, module, etc., saving your code with .py will allow the operating system to recognize this is a Python file.

File Extension for Compiled Python Bytecode

The second type of file associated with Python is compiled bytecode and the extension for compiled bytecode is .pyc.

Let’s say you create a module with Python source code. If you want to import that module, Python will build a .pyc file which contains the bytecode to make importing this module easier.

File Extension for Compiled Python Bytecode While Optimization is On

If you have optimizations turned on, i.e. with a command like “python -O test.py”, you will get a .pyo file when you run the code.

File Extension for Windows DLL file of Python Code

The final file extension which you should know about is the .pyd file extension. .pyd files are Windows DLL files.

DLL stands for Dynamic Link Library. These library files contain code to carry out a specific function for an application in the Windows operating systems.

Hopefully you’ve learned about the correct file extension for Python files and the difference between different file types in Python.

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Python: Get a File’s Extension (Windows, Mac, and Linux)

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use Python to get a file extension. You’ll accomplish this using both the pathlib library and the os.path module.

Being able to work with files in Python in an easy manner is one of the languages greatest strength. You could, for example use the glob library to iterate over files in a folder. When you do this, knowing what the file extension of each file may drive further decisions. Because of this, knowing how to get a file’s extension is an import skill! Let’s get started learning how to use Python to get a file’s extension, in Windows, Mac, and Linux!

The Quick Answer: Use Pathlib

Using Python Pathlib to Get a File’s Extension

The Python pathlib library makes it incredibly easy to work with and manipulate paths. Because of this, it makes perfect sense that the library would have the way of accessing a file’s extension.

The pathlib library comes with a class named Path , which we use to create path-based objects. When we load our file’s path into a Path object, we can access specific attributes about the object by using its built-in properties.

Let’s see how we can use the pathlib library in Python to get a file’s extension:

# Get a file's extension using pathlib import pathlib file_path = "/Users/datagy/Desktop/Important Spreadsheet.xlsx" extension = pathlib.Path(file_path).suffix print(extension) # Returns: .xlsx

We can see here that we passed a file’s path into the Path class, creating a Path object. After we did this, we can access different attributes, including the .suffix attribute. When we assigned this to a variable named extension , we printed it, getting .xlsx back.

This method works well for both Mac and Linux computers. When you’re working with Windows, however, the file paths operate a little differently.

Because of this, when using Windows, create your file path as a “raw” string. But how do you do this? Simply prefix your string with a r , like this r’some string’ . This will let Python know to not use the backslashes as escape characters.

Now that we’ve taken a look at how to use pathlib in Python to get a file extension, let’s explore how we can do the same using the os.path module.

Want to learn more? Want to learn how to use the pathlib library to automatically rename files in Python? Check out my in-depth tutorial and video on Towards Data Science!

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How to Get File Extension in Python

While we believe that this content benefits our community, we have not yet thoroughly reviewed it. If you have any suggestions for improvements, please let us know by clicking the “report an issue“ button at the bottom of the tutorial.

We can use Python os module splitext() function to get the file extension. This function splits the file path into a tuple having two values — root and extension.

Getting File Extension in Python

import os # unpacking the tuple file_name, file_extension = os.path.splitext("/Users/pankaj/abc.txt") print(file_name) print(file_extension) print(os.path.splitext("/Users/pankaj/.bashrc")) print(os.path.splitext("/Users/pankaj/a.b/image.png")) 

Output:

• In the first example, we are directly unpacking the tuple values to the two variables.
• Note that the .bashrc file has no extension. The dot is added to the file name to make it a hidden file.
• In the third example, there is a dot in the directory name.

Get File Extension using Pathlib Module

We can also use pathlib module to get the file extension. This module was introduced in Python 3.4 release.

>>> import pathlib >>> pathlib.Path("/Users/pankaj/abc.txt").suffix '.txt' >>> pathlib.Path("/Users/pankaj/.bashrc").suffix '' >>> pathlib.Path("/Users/pankaj/.bashrc") PosixPath('/Users/pankaj/.bashrc') >>> pathlib.Path("/Users/pankaj/a.b/abc.jpg").suffix '.jpg' >>> 

Conclusion

It’s always better to use the standard methods to get the file extension. If you are already using the os module, then use the splitext() method. For the object-oriented approach, use the pathlib module.

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How to get file extension python (4 ways)

In this tutorial, we will be solving a program for how to get file extension in python. We will be solving the above problem statement in 4 ways.

Method 1 – Using os.path.splitext() to get file extension Python

The os.path is a pre-defined python module that has utility functions to manipulate OS file paths. These functions are used for opening, retrieving, saving, and updating information from the file path. To know more about os.path module and its function you read this.

To get file extension in Python we can use splitext() method present in the os.path module. The splittext() method returns a tuple that contains the root file path and extension of the file.

Python code

# importing os.path import os.path file_name = "projects/project_name/specs.txt" #using splitext() file_root = os.path.splitext(file_path)[0] file_extension = os.path.splitext(file_path)[1] print("Root Path of file:", file_root) print("File Extension:", file_extension)

Root Path of file: projects/project_name/specs File Extension: .txt

Method 2 – Using pathlib.Path().suffix to get file extension Python

pathlib.Path().suffix method of Pathlib module is used to retrieve file extension from the given input file path.

pathlib.Path().suffix method takes file name as input and returns the extension of the file including . at the beginning.

import pathlib file_name = "projects/project_name/specs.txt" # using pathlib.Path().suffix file_extension = pathlib.Path(file_name).suffix print("File extension:", file_extension)

Method 3 – Using split() to get file extension Python

We can get the file extension by using split() method. By using split() method we can file extension without .

file_name = "projects/project_name/specs.txt" # using split file_extension = file_name.split(".")[-1] print("File extension:", file_extension)

Method 4 – Using regex to get file extension Python

We can get file extension in python by applying regex expression on the file path.

import re file_name = "projects/project_name/specs.txt" # using regex file_extension = re.search(r"\.([^.]+)$", file_name).group(1) print("File extension:", file_extension)

Conclusion

Hence by using os.path.splitext(), pathlib.Path().suffix, regex, or split() method we can get file extension in python.

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