Utf 8 characters in html

HTML Encoding (Character Sets)

To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know which character set to use.

From ASCII to UTF-8

ASCII was the first character encoding standard. ASCII defined 128 different characters that could be used on the internet: numbers (0-9), English letters (A-Z), and some special characters like ! $ + — ( ) @ < >.

ISO-8859-1 was the default character set for HTML 4. This character set supported 256 different character codes. HTML 4 also supported UTF-8.

ANSI (Windows-1252) was the original Windows character set. ANSI is identical to ISO-8859-1, except that ANSI has 32 extra characters.

The HTML5 specification encourages web developers to use the UTF-8 character set, which covers almost all of the characters and symbols in the world!

The HTML charset Attribute

To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know the character set used in the page.

This is specified in the tag:

Differences Between Character Sets

The following table displays the differences between the character sets described above:

Numb	ASCII	ANSI	8859	UTF-8	Description
32	space
33	!	!	!	!	exclamation mark
34	«	«	«	«	quotation mark
35	#	#	#	#	number sign
36	$	$	$	$	dollar sign
37	%	%	%	%	percent sign
38	&	&	&	&	ampersand
39	‘	‘	‘	‘	apostrophe
40	(	(	(	(	left parenthesis
41	)	)	)	)	right parenthesis
42	*	*	*	*	asterisk
43	+	+	+	+	plus sign
44	,	,	,	,	comma
45	—	—	—	—	hyphen-minus
46	.	.	.	.	full stop
47	/	/	/	/	solidus
48	0	0	0	0	digit zero
49	1	1	1	1	digit one
50	2	2	2	2	digit two
51	3	3	3	3	digit three
52	4	4	4	4	digit four
53	5	5	5	5	digit five
54	6	6	6	6	digit six
55	7	7	7	7	digit seven
56	8	8	8	8	digit eight
57	9	9	9	9	digit nine
58	:	:	:	:	colon
59	;	;	;	;	semicolon
60					less-than sign
61	=	=	=	=	equals sign
62	>	>	>	>	greater-than sign
63	?	?	?	?	question mark
64	@	@	@	@	commercial at
65	A	A	A	A	Latin capital letter A
66	B	B	B	B	Latin capital letter B
67	C	C	C	C	Latin capital letter C
68	D	D	D	D	Latin capital letter D
69	E	E	E	E	Latin capital letter E
70	F	F	F	F	Latin capital letter F
71	G	G	G	G	Latin capital letter G
72	H	H	H	H	Latin capital letter H
73	I	I	I	I	Latin capital letter I
74	J	J	J	J	Latin capital letter J
75	K	K	K	K	Latin capital letter K
76	L	L	L	L	Latin capital letter L
77	M	M	M	M	Latin capital letter M
78	N	N	N	N	Latin capital letter N
79	O	O	O	O	Latin capital letter O
80	P	P	P	P	Latin capital letter P
81	Q	Q	Q	Q	Latin capital letter Q
82	R	R	R	R	Latin capital letter R
83	S	S	S	S	Latin capital letter S
84	T	T	T	T	Latin capital letter T
85	U	U	U	U	Latin capital letter U
86	V	V	V	V	Latin capital letter V
87	W	W	W	W	Latin capital letter W
88	X	X	X	X	Latin capital letter X
89	Y	Y	Y	Y	Latin capital letter Y
90	Z	Z	Z	Z	Latin capital letter Z
91	[	[	[	[	left square bracket
92	\	\	\	\	reverse solidus
93	]	]	]	]	right square bracket
94	^	^	^	^	circumflex accent
95	_	_	_	_	low line
96	`	`	`	`	grave accent
97	a	a	a	a	Latin small letter a
98	b	b	b	b	Latin small letter b
99	c	c	c	c	Latin small letter c
100	d	d	d	d	Latin small letter d
101	e	e	e	e	Latin small letter e
102	f	f	f	f	Latin small letter f
103	g	g	g	g	Latin small letter g
104	h	h	h	h	Latin small letter h
105	i	i	i	i	Latin small letter i
106	j	j	j	j	Latin small letter j
107	k	k	k	k	Latin small letter k
108	l	l	l	l	Latin small letter l
109	m	m	m	m	Latin small letter m
110	n	n	n	n	Latin small letter n
111	o	o	o	o	Latin small letter o
112	p	p	p	p	Latin small letter p
113	q	q	q	q	Latin small letter q
114	r	r	r	r	Latin small letter r
115	s	s	s	s	Latin small letter s
116	t	t	t	t	Latin small letter t
117	u	u	u	u	Latin small letter u
118	v	v	v	v	Latin small letter v
119	w	w	w	w	Latin small letter w
120	x	x	x	x	Latin small letter x
121	y	y	y	y	Latin small letter y
122	z	z	z	z	Latin small letter z
123		{	{	{	left curly bracket
124		}	}	}	right curly bracket
126	~	~	~	~	tilde
127	DEL
128	€	euro sign
129				NOT USED
130	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
131	ƒ	Latin small letter f with hook
132	„	double low-9 quotation mark
133	horizontal ellipsis
134	†	dagger
135	‡	double dagger
136	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent
137	‰	per mille sign
138	Š	Latin capital letter S with caron
139	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140	Œ	Latin capital ligature OE
141				NOT USED
142	Ž	Latin capital letter Z with caron
143				NOT USED
144				NOT USED
145	‘	left single quotation mark
146	’	right single quotation mark
147	“	left double quotation mark
148	”	right double quotation mark
149	•	bullet
150	–	en dash
151	—	em dash
152	˜	small tilde
153	™	trade mark sign
154	š	Latin small letter s with caron
155	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156	œ	Latin small ligature oe
157				NOT USED
158	ž	Latin small letter z with caron
159	Ÿ	Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160	no-break space
161	¡	¡	¡	inverted exclamation mark
162	¢	¢	¢	cent sign
163	£	£	£	pound sign
164	¤	¤	¤	currency sign
165	¥	¥	¥	yen sign
166	¦	¦	¦	broken bar
167	§	§	§	section sign
168	¨	¨	¨	diaeresis
169	©	©	©	copyright sign
170	ª	ª	ª	feminine ordinal indicator
171	«	«	«	left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172	¬	¬	¬	not sign
173	­	­	­	soft hyphen
174	®	®	®	registered sign
175	¯	¯	¯	macron
176	°	°	°	degree sign
177	±	±	±	plus-minus sign
178	²	²	²	superscript two
179	³	³	³	superscript three
180	´	´	´	acute accent
181	µ	µ	µ	micro sign
182	¶	¶	¶	pilcrow sign
183	·	·	·	middle dot
184	¸	¸	¸	cedilla
185	¹	¹	¹	superscript one
186	º	º	º	masculine ordinal indicator
187	»	»	»	right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188	¼	¼	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter
189	½	½	½	vulgar fraction one half
190	¾	¾	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters
191	¿	¿	¿	inverted question mark
192	À	À	À	Latin capital letter A with grave
193	Á	Á	Á	Latin capital letter A with acute
194	Â	Â	Â	Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195	Ã	Ã	Ã	Latin capital letter A with tilde
196	Ä	Ä	Ä	Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197	Å	Å	Å	Latin capital letter A with ring above
198	Æ	Æ	Æ	Latin capital letter AE
199	Ç	Ç	Ç	Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200	È	È	È	Latin capital letter E with grave
201	É	É	É	Latin capital letter E with acute
202	Ê	Ê	Ê	Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203	Ë	Ë	Ë	Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204	Ì	Ì	Ì	Latin capital letter I with grave
205	Í	Í	Í	Latin capital letter I with acute
206	Î	Î	Î	Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207	Ï	Ï	Ï	Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208	Ð	Ð	Ð	Latin capital letter Eth
209	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Latin capital letter N with tilde
210	Ò	Ò	Ò	Latin capital letter O with grave
211	Ó	Ó	Ó	Latin capital letter O with acute
212	Ô	Ô	Ô	Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213	Õ	Õ	Õ	Latin capital letter O with tilde
214	Ö	Ö	Ö	Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215	×	×	×	multiplication sign
216	Ø	Ø	Ø	Latin capital letter O with stroke
217	Ù	Ù	Ù	Latin capital letter U with grave
218	Ú	Ú	Ú	Latin capital letter U with acute
219	Û	Û	Û	Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220	Ü	Ü	Ü	Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221	Ý	Ý	Ý	Latin capital letter Y with acute
222	Þ	Þ	Þ	Latin capital letter Thorn
223	ß	ß	ß	Latin small letter sharp s
224	à	à	à	Latin small letter a with grave
225	á	á	á	Latin small letter a with acute
226	â	â	â	Latin small letter a with circumflex
227	ã	ã	ã	Latin small letter a with tilde
228	ä	ä	ä	Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229	å	å	å	Latin small letter a with ring above
230	æ	æ	æ	Latin small letter ae
231	ç	ç	ç	Latin small letter c with cedilla
232	è	è	è	Latin small letter e with grave
233	é	é	é	Latin small letter e with acute
234	ê	ê	ê	Latin small letter e with circumflex
235	ë	ë	ë	Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236	ì	ì	ì	Latin small letter i with grave
237	í	í	í	Latin small letter i with acute
238	î	î	î	Latin small letter i with circumflex
239	ï	ï	ï	Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240	ð	ð	ð	Latin small letter eth
241	ñ	ñ	ñ	Latin small letter n with tilde
242	ò	ò	ò	Latin small letter o with grave
243	ó	ó	ó	Latin small letter o with acute
244	ô	ô	ô	Latin small letter o with circumflex
245	õ	õ	õ	Latin small letter o with tilde
246	ö	ö	ö	Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247	÷	÷	÷	division sign
248	ø	ø	ø	Latin small letter o with stroke
249	ù	ù	ù	Latin small letter u with grave
250	ú	ú	ú	Latin small letter u with acute
251	û	û	û	Latin small letter with circumflex
252	ü	ü	ü	Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253	ý	ý	ý	Latin small letter y with acute
254	þ	þ	þ	Latin small letter thorn
255	ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Latin small letter y with diaeresis

The ASCII Character Set

ASCII uses the values from 0 to 31 (and 127) for control characters.

ASCII uses the values from 32 to 126 for letters, digits, and symbols.

ASCII does not use the values from 128 to 255.

The ANSI Character Set (Windows-1252)

ANSI is identical to ASCII for the values from 0 to 127.

ANSI has a proprietary set of characters for the values from 128 to 159.

ANSI is identical to UTF-8 for the values from 160 to 255.

The ISO-8859-1 Character Set

ISO-8859-1 is identical to ASCII for the values from 0 to 127.

ISO-8859-1 does not use the values from 128 to 159.

ISO-8859-1 is identical to UTF-8 for the values from 160 to 255.

The UTF-8 Character Set

UTF-8 is identical to ASCII for the values from 0 to 127.

UTF-8 does not use the values from 128 to 159.

UTF-8 is identical to both ANSI and 8859-1 for the values from 160 to 255.

UTF-8 continues from the value 256 with more than 10 000 different characters.

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HTML Unicode (UTF-8) Reference

The Unicode Consortium develops the Unicode Standard. Their goal is to replace the existing character sets with its standard Unicode Transformation Format (UTF).

The Unicode Standard has become a success and is implemented in HTML, XML, Java, JavaScript, E-mail, ASP, PHP, etc. The Unicode standard is also supported in many operating systems and all modern browsers.

The Unicode Consortium cooperates with the leading standards development organizations, like ISO, W3C, and ECMA.

The Unicode Character Sets

Unicode can be implemented by different character sets. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8 and UTF-16:

Character-set	Description
UTF-8	A character in UTF8 can be from 1 to 4 bytes long. UTF-8 can represent any character in the Unicode standard. UTF-8 is backwards compatible with ASCII. UTF-8 is the preferred encoding for e-mail and web pages
UTF-16	16-bit Unicode Transformation Format is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, capable of encoding the entire Unicode repertoire. UTF-16 is used in major operating systems and environments, like Microsoft Windows, Java and .NET.

Tip: The first 128 characters of Unicode (which correspond one-to-one with ASCII) are encoded using a single octet with the same binary value as ASCII, making valid ASCII text valid UTF-8-encoded Unicode as well.

HTML 4 supports UTF-8. HTML 5 supports both UTF-8 and UTF-16!

The HTML5 Standard: Unicode UTF-8

Because the character sets in ISO-8859 were limited in size, and not compatible in multilingual environments, the Unicode Consortium developed the Unicode Standard.

The Unicode Standard covers (almost) all the characters, punctuations, and symbols in the world.

Unicode enables processing, storage, and transport of text independent of platform and language.

The default character encoding in HTML-5 is UTF-8.

If an HTML5 web page uses a different character set than UTF-8, it should be specified in the tag like:

Example

The Difference Between Unicode and UTF-8

Unicode is a character set. UTF-8 is encoding.

Unicode is a list of characters with unique decimal numbers (code points). A = 65, B = 66, C = 67, .

This list of decimal numbers represent the string «hello»: 104 101 108 108 111

Encoding is how these numbers are translated into binary numbers to be stored in a computer:

UTF-8 encoding will store «hello» like this (binary): 01101000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111

Encoding translates numbers into binary. Character sets translates characters to numbers.

HTML5 UTF-8 Character Codes

Below is a list of some of the UTF-8 character codes supported by HTML5:

Character codes	Decimal	Hexadecimal
C0 Controls and Basic Latin	0-127	0000-007F
C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement	128-255	0080-00FF
Latin Extended-A	256-383	0100-017F
Latin Extended-B	384-591	0180-024F
Spacing Modifiers	688-767	02B0-02FF
Diacritical Marks	768-879	0300-036F
Greek and Coptic	880-1023	0370-03FF
Cyrillic Basic	1024-1279	0400-04FF
Cyrillic Supplement	1280-1327	0500-052F
General Punctuation	8192-8303	2000-206F
Currency Symbols	8352-8399	20A0-20CF
Letterlike Symbols	8448-8527	2100-214F
Arrows	8592-8703	2190-21FF
Mathematical Operators	8704-8959	2200-22FF
Box Drawings	9472-9599	2500-257F
Block Elements	9600-9631	2580-259F
Geometric Shapes	9632-9727	25A0-25FF
Miscellaneous Symbols	9728-9983	2600-26FF
Dingbats	9984-10175	2700-27BF

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