Setting up a PHP session

exit

Terminates execution of the script. Shutdown functions and object destructors will always be executed even if exit is called.

exit is a language construct and it can be called without parentheses if no status is passed.

Parameters

If status is a string, this function prints the status just before exiting.

If status is an int , that value will be used as the exit status and not printed. Exit statuses should be in the range 0 to 254, the exit status 255 is reserved by PHP and shall not be used. The status 0 is used to terminate the program successfully.

Return Values

Examples

Example #1 exit example

$filename = ‘/path/to/data-file’ ;
$file = fopen ( $filename , ‘r’ )
or exit( «unable to open file ( $filename )» );

Example #2 exit status example

//exit program normally
exit;
exit();
exit( 0 );

//exit with an error code
exit( 1 );
exit( 0376 ); //octal

Example #3 Shutdown functions and destructors run regardless

class Foo
public function __destruct ()
echo ‘Destruct: ‘ . __METHOD__ . ‘()’ . PHP_EOL ;
>
>

function shutdown ()
echo ‘Shutdown: ‘ . __FUNCTION__ . ‘()’ . PHP_EOL ;
>

$foo = new Foo ();
register_shutdown_function ( ‘shutdown’ );

exit();
echo ‘This will not be output.’ ;
?>

The above example will output:

Shutdown: shutdown() Destruct: Foo::__destruct()

Notes

Note: Because this is a language construct and not a function, it cannot be called using variable functions, or named arguments.

Note:

This language construct is equivalent to die() .

See Also

User Contributed Notes 21 notes

If you want to avoid calling exit() in FastCGI as per the comments below, but really, positively want to exit cleanly from nested function call or include, consider doing it the Python way:

define an exception named `SystemExit’, throw it instead of calling exit() and catch it in index.php with an empty handler to finish script execution cleanly.

// file: index.php
class SystemExit extends Exception <>
try /* code code */
>
catch ( SystemExit $e ) < /* do nothing */ >
// end of file: index.php

// some deeply nested function or .php file

if ( SOME_EXIT_CONDITION )
throw new SystemExit (); // instead of exit()

jbezorg at gmail proposed the following:

if( $_SERVER [ ‘SCRIPT_FILENAME’ ] == __FILE__ )
header ( ‘Location: /’ );

?>

After sending the `Location:’ header PHP _will_ continue parsing, and all code below the header() call will still be executed. So instead use:

if( $_SERVER [ ‘SCRIPT_FILENAME’ ] == __FILE__ )
header ( ‘Location: /’ );
exit;
>

A side-note for the use of exit with finally: if you exit somewhere in a try block, the finally won’t be executed. Could not sound obvious: for instance in Java you never issue an exit, at least a return in your controller; in PHP instead you could find yourself exiting from a controller method (e.g. in case you issue a redirect).

echo «testing finally wit exit\n» ;

exit;
> catch( Exception $e ) echo «catched\n» ;
> finally echo «in finally\n» ;
>

echo «In the end\n» ;
?>

This will print:

testing finally wit exit
In try, exiting

Don’t use the exit() function in the auto prepend file with fastcgi (linux/bsd os).
It has the effect of leaving opened files with for result at least a nice «Too many open files . » error.

Beware if you enabled uopz extension, it disables exit / die() by default. They are just «skipped».

Be noticed about uopz (User Operations for Zend) extension of PHP. It disables (prevents) halting of PHP scripts (both FPM and CLI) on calling `exit()` and `die()` by default just after enabling the extension. Therefore your script will continue to execute.

To rich dot lovely at klikzltd dot co dot uk:

Using a «@» before header() to suppress its error, and relying on the «headers already sent» error seems to me a very bad idea while building any serious website.

This is *not* a clean way to prevent a file from being called directly. At least this is not a secure method, as you rely on the presence of an exception sent by the parser at runtime.

I recommend using a more common way as defining a constant or assigning a variable with any value, and checking for its presence in the included script, like:

in index.php:
define ( ‘INDEX’ , true );
?>

in your included file:
if (! defined ( ‘INDEX’ )) die( ‘You cannot call this script directly !’ );
>
?>

BR.

Note, that using exit() will explicitly cause Roxen webserver to die, if PHP is used as Roxen SAPI module. There is no known workaround for that, except not to use exit(). CGI versions of PHP are not affected.

When using php-fpm, fastcgi_finish_request() should be used instead of register_shutdown_function() and exit()

For example, under nginx and php-fpm 5.3+, this will make browsers wait 10 seconds to show output:

echo «You have to wait 10 seconds to see this.
» ;
register_shutdown_function ( ‘shutdown’ );
exit;
function shutdown () sleep ( 10 );
echo «Because exit() doesn’t terminate php-fpm calls immediately.
» ;
>
?>

This doesn’t:

echo «You can see this from the browser immediately.
» ;
fastcgi_finish_request ();
sleep ( 10 );
echo «You can’t see this form the browser.» ;
?>

In addition to «void a t informance d o t info», here’s a one-liner that requires no constant:

To redirect to / instead of dying:

if ( basename ( $_SERVER [ ‘PHP_SELF’ ]) == basename ( __FILE__ )) if ( ob_get_contents ()) ob_clean (); // ob_get_contents() even works without active output buffering
header ( ‘Location: /’ );
die;
>
?>

Doing the same in a one-liner:

A note to security: Even though $_SERVER[‘PHP_SELF’] comes from the user, it’s safe to assume its validity, as the «manipulation» takes place _before_ the actual file execution, meaning that the string _must_ have been valid enough to execute the file. Also, basename() is binary safe, so you can safely rely on this function.

include (‘header.php’);
blah blah blah
if (!$mysql_connect) echo «unable to connect»;
include (‘footer.php’);
exit;
>
blah blah blah
include (‘footer.php’);

These are the standard error codes in Linux or UNIX.

1 — Catchall for general errors
2 — Misuse of shell builtins (according to Bash documentation)
126 — Command invoked cannot execute
127 — “command not found”
128 — Invalid argument to exit
128+n — Fatal error signal “n”
130 — Script terminated by Control-C
255\* — Exit status out of range

When a object is passed as $status and it consists of a __toString() magic method the string value of this method will be used as $status. If the object does not contain a __toString method, exit will throw a catchable fatal error.

>> Shutdown functions and object destructors will always be executed even if exit is called.

It is false if you call exit into desctructor.

Normal exit:
class A
public function __destruct ()
echo «bye A\n» ;
>
>

class B
public function __destruct ()
echo «bye B\n» ;
>
>

// Output:
// bye B
// bye A
?>

// Exit into desctructor:
class A
public function __destruct ()
echo «bye A\n» ;
>
>

class B
public function __destruct ()
echo «bye B\n» ;
exit;
>
>

Calling ‘exit’ will bypass the auto_append_file option.
On some free hosting this risks you getting removed, as they may be using for ads and analytics.

So be a bit careful if using this on the most common output branch.

return may be preferable to exit in certain situations, especially when dealing with the PHP binary and the shell.

I have a script which is the recipient of a mail alias, i.e. mail sent to that alias is piped to the script instead of being delivered to a mailbox. Using exit in this script resulted in the sender of the email getting a delivery failure notice. This was not the desired behavior, I wanted to silently discard messages which did not satisfy the script’s requirements.

After several hours of trying to figure out what integer value I should pass to exit() to satisfy sendmail, I tried using return instead of exit. Worked like a charm. Sendmail didn’t like exit but it was perfectly happy with return. So, if you’re running into trouble with exit and other system binaries, try using return instead.

It should be noted that if building a site that runs on FastCGI, calling exit will generate an error in the server’s log file. This can quickly fill up.

Also, using exit will diminish the performance benefit gained on FastCGI setups. Instead, consider using code like this:

if( /* error case */ )
echo «Invalid request» ;
else /* The rest of your application */
>
?>

I’ve also seen developers get around this issue with FastCGI by wrapping their code in a switch statement and using breaks:

switch( true ) case true :
require( ‘application.php’ );
>

if( $x > $y ) echo «Sorry, that didn’t work.» ;
break;
>

?>

It does carry some overhead, but compared to the alternative, it does the job well.

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Close function used for php code example

No value is returned Parameters This Function has no parameters Example Try out following example Definition and Usage Sessions or session handling is a way to make the data available across various pages of a web application.

The close() function is an inbuilt function in PHP | Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer which is used to finalize the spreadsheet after which all the operations are done. This method should always be the last one to be called on every workbook.

Parameters: This function does not accept any parameter.
Return Value: This function returns TRUE on success and PEAR_ERROR on failure.

PHP

PHP

Reference: https://pear.php.net/manual/en/package.fileformats.spreadsheet-excel-writer.spreadsheet-excel-writer-workbook.close.php

PHP Functions, Tip: Give the function a name that reflects what the function does! In the example below, we create a function named «writeMsg()». The opening curly brace ( < ) indicates the beginning of the function code, and the closing curly brace ( >) indicates the end of the function. The function outputs «Hello world!».

Call to undefined function form_close()

You have to load form helper in Autoload.php like $autoload[‘helper’] = array(‘form’); , And in form action you have mentioned user/login path, but below you have loaded Admin Controller.

PHP | XMLReader close() Function, The XMLReader::close() function is an inbuilt function in PHP which is used to close the input of XMLReader object Return Value: This function returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure. Below examples illustrate the XMLReader::close() function in PHP: Program 1: data.xml Writing code in …

PHP — session_write_close() Function

Definition and Usage

Sessions or session handling is a way to make the data available across various pages of a web application. The session_write_close() function stores the session data (usually stored after the termination of the script) and ends the session.

Syntax

Parameters

This function does not accept any parameters.

Return Values

This function returns a boolean value which is TRUE in case of success and FALSE in case of failure.

PHP Version

This function was first introduced in PHP Version 4 and works in all the later versions.

Example 1

Following example demonstrates the usage of the session_write_close() function.

    "; print("Value: ".$_SESSION["A"]); ?>  

One executing the above html file it will display the following message −

Value of the session array: Array ( [A] => Hello ) Value: Hello

Example 2

Following is another example of this function, in here we have two pages from the same application in the same session −

 ?>   
 
Enter the values click Submit and click on Next 

Name: 
 
Age: 
 
 
Next'; ?>
   

This will produce the following output −

On clicking on Next the following file is executed.

This will produce the following output −

Array ( [city] => Hyderabad [phone] => 9848022338 [name] => krishna [age] => 30 )

PHP ifelseelseif Statements, PHP Conditional Statements. Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different conditions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this. In PHP we have the following conditional statements: if statement — executes some code if one condition is true

PHP — Function Close All

Syntax

void odbc_close_all ( void )

Definition and Usage

It used to close all odbc connections

Return Values

Parameters

This Function has no parameters

Example

Try out following example

PHP Form Handling, Run Example ». When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named «welcome.php». The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method. To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The «welcome.php» looks like this:

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