Sending headers using php

PHP CURL POST Request with Headers Example

In web development, there may be situations where you need to send data to a server using HTTP requests. The most common types of requests are GET and POST requests. In this article, you will learn how to use PHP CURL POST request with headers example.

PHP CURL is a library that allows developers to send HTTP requests and receive responses programmatically. It is a powerful tool that can be used to perform tasks such as uploading files, downloading content, and testing APIs.

The POST request is used to send data to a server to create or update a resource. This type of request is commonly used when submitting a form or when uploading a file. The HTTP headers are used to provide additional information about the request and the data being sent.

PHP CURL POST Request with Headers

• Step 1: Initialize CURL
• Step 2: Set the URL
• Step 3: Set the HTTP method
• Step 4: Set the request body
• Step 5: Set the HTTP headers
• Step 6: Execute the request
• Step 7: Close the CURL handle
• Step 8: PHP CURL POST request with headers:

Step 1: Initialize CURL

To start using CURL, you need to initialize it using the curl_init() function. This function returns a CURL handle that you can use to configure the request.

Step 2: Set the URL

Next, you need to set the URL of the server you want to send the request to using the curl_setopt() function.

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com/api');

Step 3: Set the HTTP method

The HTTP method determines the type of request you want to send. To send a POST request, you need to set the CURLOPT_POST option to true.

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, true);

Step 4: Set the request body

The request body contains the data you want to send to the server. You can set the request body using the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS option.

$data = array('name' => 'John', 'email' => '[email protected]'); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);

Step 5: Set the HTTP headers

HTTP headers provide additional information about the request and the data being sent. You can set the headers using the CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER option.

$headers = array( 'Authorization: Bearer ' . $access_token, 'Content-Type: application/json', ); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);

Step 6: Execute the request

Once you have configured the CURL handle, you can execute the request using the curl_exec() function.

Step 7: Close the CURL handle

Finally, you need to close the CURL handle using the curl_close() function.

Step 8: PHP CURL POST request with headers:

Here is an example of using PHP CURL POST request with headers:

$curl = curl_init(); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com/api'); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, true); $data = array('name' => 'John', 'email' => '[email protected]'); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); $headers = array( 'Authorization: Bearer ' . $access_token, 'Content-Type: application/json', ); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers); $response = curl_exec($curl); curl_close($curl);

In the example above, you initialized a CURL handle, set the URL to http://example.com/api, set the HTTP method to POST, set the request body to an array containing the name and email fields, set the HTTP headers to include an Authorization header and a Content-Type header, executed the request, and closed the CURL handle.

Conclusion

a CURL request with headers. This method provides flexibility and control over the data being sent to the server, and the additional information provided by HTTP headers can be used to customize the behavior of the server. Additionally, CURL offers a range of advanced features such as authentication, SSL certificate verification, and cookies. It is important to ensure that the data being sent is properly encoded and formatted according to the requirements of the server. By understanding the basics of PHP CURL POST requests with headers, developers can build robust and reliable web applications that interact with servers in a secure and efficient manner.

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My name is Devendra Dode. I am a full-stack developer, entrepreneur, and owner of Tutsmake.com. I like writing tutorials and tips that can help other developers. I share tutorials of PHP, Python, Javascript, JQuery, Laravel, Livewire, Codeigniter, Node JS, Express JS, Vue JS, Angular JS, React Js, MySQL, MongoDB, REST APIs, Windows, Xampp, Linux, Ubuntu, Amazon AWS, Composer, SEO, WordPress, SSL and Bootstrap from a starting stage. As well as demo example.

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headers_sent

You can’t add any more header lines using the header() function once the header block has already been sent. Using this function you can at least prevent getting HTTP header related error messages. Another option is to use Output Buffering.

Parameters

If the optional filename and line parameters are set, headers_sent() will put the PHP source file name and line number where output started in the filename and line variables.

Note:

If the output has started before executing the PHP source file (for example due to a startup error), the filename parameter will be set to an empty string.

The line number where the output started.

Return Values

headers_sent() will return false if no HTTP headers have already been sent or true otherwise.

Examples

Example #1 Examples using headers_sent()

// If no headers are sent, send one
if (! headers_sent ()) header ( ‘Location: http://www.example.com/’ );
exit;
>

// An example using the optional file and line parameters
// Note that $filename and $linenum are passed in for later use.
// Do not assign them values beforehand.
if (! headers_sent ( $filename , $linenum )) header ( ‘Location: http://www.example.com/’ );
exit;

// You would most likely trigger an error here.
> else

Notes

Note:

Headers will only be accessible and output when a SAPI that supports them is in use.

See Also

• ob_start() — Turn on output buffering
• trigger_error() — Generates a user-level error/warning/notice message
• headers_list() — Returns a list of response headers sent (or ready to send)
• header() — Send a raw HTTP header for a more detailed discussion of the matters involved.

User Contributed Notes 12 notes

I was having trouble getting my mind around the concepts involved. Here is my dilemma and the conclusion I reached in case recounting them can help others:

I am using WAMPserver: PHP 5.2.6, and Apache 2.2.8 on Windows XP SP3. If it matters to your duplication,
I found two php.ini files in WAMPserver where output_buffering had been set to 4096. I changed them to OFF for this testing.

Here is how you can replicate what I am experiencing: With IE 7.0 go to Tools . Display ieHTTPheaders . and run the following script repeatedly and watch what happens:

header ( ‘Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1998 05:00:00 GMT’ );
//var_dump(headers_sent());
//print(«whatever»);
//flush();
//echo «whatever»;
var_dump ( headers_sent ());
?>

Result: the final var_dump of the headers_sent() function will
always return FALSE unless any one or more of the commented lines above it are uncommented. Uncommenting the statements allows an output to be sent to the user not just to their browser, after which the final var_dump will return TRUE. What I found confusing was that the ieHTTPheaders tool shows that the header is being sent to the user’s browser even when all the output lines are commented out. So why does headers_sent() return FALSE in this case? Because you can keep sending other headers. The headers_sent function is meant to alert one to when no further headers can be sent. My testing shows it does not return true unless some other output is also sent after the header, thereby signaling that «Headers have been sent and concluded with user output. NOW you can’t send any more headers.»

Someone else worked his way through this problem in a (false) bug report: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=30264
Here is the relevant part of the reply from the pro:
«When you use compression the entire page is buffered in memory, until end of the request. Consequently you can send headers at any time because no data is being actually sent to user when you print it. Until PHP actually decides to send any page output to the user you can still send additional headers which is why the headers_sent() function is returning false. It will return true, indicating that headers have been sent only at a time when output began going to the user and you no longer can send any additional headers.»

So in summary, my point is that there is a difference between headers being sent only to the browser (which can be followed by other headers) vs. headers being sent and concluded by output for the user. The function should have been given a more clear name like headers_concluded().

This is becoming annoying the amount of posts to try and describe the behaviour of headers

Headers appear first in the data sent to the user’s browser

if headers have been called using the header() function but no data has been sent to the output buffer (using echo, readfile etc), then the headers are sent at the end of script execution otherwise they are sent when the buffer reaches it’s limit and emptied

this means that headers_sent() will return false if nothing is sent to the output buffer because the headers are being sent at the end of the script

This is not a bug either, this is expected behaviour. Keeping headers until forced to send them out is a good idea because certain measures can be taken like prevention of meta injection etc (option in header() to replace headers that have not yet been sent)

besides, headers_sent() is good for when you try and send headers but the output buffer has already been emptied (in cases of php error handling for example). Obviously if the buffer has emtpied, sending headers won’t work.

RE: antti at haapakangas dot net’s post

I’ve changed the code so $_SERVER[‘SERVER_NAME’] is used if $_SERVER[‘HTTP_HOST’] is not set. $_SERVER[‘SERVER_NAME’] doesn’t meet my needs, but I suppose it’s good to fall back on it. I’ve also fixed a problem in the meta refresh line — it was missing the «url default»> function server_url ()
<
$proto = «http» .
((isset( $_SERVER [ ‘HTTPS’ ]) && $_SERVER [ ‘HTTPS’ ] == «on» ) ? «s» : «» ) . «://» ;
$server = isset( $_SERVER [ ‘HTTP_HOST’ ]) ?
$_SERVER [ ‘HTTP_HOST’ ] : $_SERVER [ ‘SERVER_NAME’ ];
return $proto . $server ;
>

function redirect_rel ( $relative_url )
$url = server_url () . dirname ( $_SERVER [ ‘PHP_SELF’ ]) . «/» . $relative_url ;
if (! headers_sent ())
header ( «Location: $url » );
>
else
echo «\r\n» ;
>
>
?>

In response to K.Tomono and alexrussell101 at gmail dot com :

Yes,
headers_sent() will return false, even if you sent something to the ouptut using print() or header() , if output_buffering is different from Off in you php.ini, and the length of what you sent does not exceed the size of output_buffering.

To test it, try this code with these values in php.ini
1) output_buffering=32
2) output buffering = 4096

[code]
echo «Yo
» ;
echo «Sent:» , headers_sent (), «
» ;
echo «enough text to feed the buffer until it overflows 😉
» ;
echo «Sent:» , headers_sent (), «
» ;
?>
[/code]

then put
3) output buffering = Off
and try this code
[code]
echo «Yo
» ;
echo «Sent:» , headers_sent (), «
» ;
?>
[/code]which will this time unconditionnally say that headers were sent.

This is noticed in php.ini comment :
«Output buffering allows you to send header lines (including cookies) even after you send body content, in the price of slowing PHP’s output layer a bit.»

Note : This is completly independant of implicit_flush tuning.

Note that in IIS (or at least the version that comes with W2K server), the server seems to do some buffering, so even if you output someting or cause a warning, the value of headers_sent() may be false because the headers haven’t been sent yet.

So it’s not a safe way to know if warnings have been encountered in your script.

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