Html form input focus

HTML autofocus Attribute

Let the «First name» input field automatically get focus when the page loads:

Definition and Usage

The autofocus attribute is a boolean attribute.

When present, it specifies that an element should automatically get focus when the page loads.

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the attribute.

Attribute
autofocus	5.0	11.0	4.0	5.0	9.6

Syntax

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How to Set Default HTML Form Focus Without Javascript

It is possible to set a default input focus on an HTML form without Javascript. This can be done in HTML5, as it allows us to use the autofocus attribute on the form element.

Example of setting a default form focus:

html> html> head> title>Title of the document title> head> body> input type="text" name="myInput" autofocus /> body> html>

Result

Let’s see another example, where we use a few elements, and set the autofocus attribute only on one of them.

Example of setting focus only for one element:

html> html> head> title>Title of the document. title> style> div < margin-bottom: 10px; > label < display: inline-block; width: 70px; > style> body> h1>Example h1> form action="/form/submit" method="get"> div> label for="name">Name: label> input type="text" id="name" name="name" autofocus> div> div> label for="surname">Surname: label> input type="text" id="surname" name="surname"> div> div> label for="year">Year: label> input type="number" id="year" name="year" value="2020" disabled> div> input type="submit"> form> body> html>

For the first , we set the autofocus attribute, and for the third , we set the disabled attribute. Here, we also used some CSS and set the margin-bottom property for the element, and specified the display property with the “inline-block” value and width property for the element.

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HTMLElement: focus() method

The HTMLElement.focus() method sets focus on the specified element, if it can be focused. The focused element is the element that will receive keyboard and similar events by default.

By default the browser will scroll the element into view after focusing it, and it may also provide visible indication of the focused element (typically by displaying a «focus ring» around the element). Parameter options are provided to disable the default scrolling and force visible indication on elements.

Syntax

Parameters

An optional object for controlling aspects of the focusing process. This object may contain the following properties:

A boolean value indicating whether or not the browser should scroll the document to bring the newly-focused element into view. A value of false for preventScroll (the default) means that the browser will scroll the element into view after focusing it. If preventScroll is set to true , no scrolling will occur.

focusVisible Optional Experimental

A boolean value that should be set to true to force visible indication that the element is focused. By default, or if the property is not true , a browser may still provide visible indication if it determines that this would improve accessibility for users.

Return value

Examples

Focus on a text field

This example uses a button to set the focus on a text field.

HTML

input id="myTextField" value="Text field." /> button id="focusButton">Click to set focus on the text fieldbutton> 

JavaScript

The code below adds an event handler to set the focus on the text field when the button is pressed. Note that most browsers will automatically add visible indication (a «focus ring») for a focused text field, so the code does not set focusVisible to true .

.getElementById("focusButton").addEventListener("click", () =>  document.getElementById("myTextField").focus(); >); 

Result

Select the button to set focus on the text field.

Focus on a button

This example demonstrates how you can set the focus on a button element.

HTML

First we define three buttons. Both the middle and right button will set focus on the left-most button. The right right-most button will also specify focusVisible .

button id="myButton">Buttonbutton> button id="focusButton">Click to set focus on "Button"button> button id="focusButtonVisibleIndication"> Click to set focus and focusVisible on "Button" button> 

JavaScript

The code below sets up handlers for click events on the middle and right buttons.

.getElementById("focusButton").addEventListener("click", () =>  document.getElementById("myButton").focus(); >); document .getElementById("focusButtonVisibleIndication") .addEventListener("click", () =>  document.getElementById("myButton").focus( focusVisible: true >); >); 

Result

Select either the middle button or right-most button to set focus on the left-most button.

Browsers do not usually show visible focus indication on button elements when focus is set programmatically, so the effect of selecting the middle button may not be obvious. However provided the focusVisible option is supported on your browser, you should see focus changing on the left-most button when the right-most button is selected.

Focus with and without scrolling

This example shows the effect of setting focus with the option preventScroll set true and false (the default).

HTML

The HTML defines two buttons that will be used to set the focus of a third button that is off-screen

button id="focus_scroll">Click to set focus on off-screen buttonbutton> button id="focus_no_scroll"> Click to set focus on offscreen button without scrolling button> div id="container"> button id="myButton" style="margin-top: 500px;">Buttonbutton> div> 

JavaScript

This code sets a click event handler on the first and second buttons to set the focus on the last button. Note that the first handler doesn’t specify the preventScroll option so scrolling to the focused element will be enabled.

.getElementById("focus_scroll").addEventListener("click", () =>  document.getElementById("myButton").focus(); // default: >); document.getElementById("focus_no_scroll").addEventListener("click", () =>  document.getElementById("myButton").focus( preventScroll: true >); >); 

Result

Select the first button to set focus and scroll to the off-screen button. Selecting the second button set’s the focus, but scrolling is disabled.

Specifications

Notes

• If you call HTMLElement.focus() from a mousedown event handler, you must call event.preventDefault() to keep the focus from leaving the HTMLElement
• Behavior of the focus in relation to different HTML features like tabindex or shadow dom, which previously remained under-specified, were updated in October 2019. See the WHATWG blog for more information.

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

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This page was last modified on Apr 7, 2023 by MDN contributors.

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