- Common MIME types
- Found a content problem with this page?
- What are All the Possible Values for HTTP “Content-Type” Header
- How to Use the HTTP “Content-Type” Header?
- Types of the Values in HTTP “Content-Type” Header
- All Values in HTTP “Content-Type” Header
- Conclusion
- About the author
- Hadia Atiq
- Работа с MIME-типами в PHP
- Как узнать MIME-тип загруженного файла
- Результат:
- Отправка файлов из PHP
Common MIME types
This topic lists the most common MIME types with corresponding document types, ordered by their common extensions.
The following two important MIME types are the default types:
- text/plain is the default value for textual files. A textual file should be human-readable and must not contain binary data.
- application/octet-stream is the default value for all other cases. An unknown file type should use this type. Browsers are particularly careful when manipulating these files to protect users from software vulnerabilities and possible dangerous behavior.
IANA is the official registry of MIME media types and maintains a list of all the official MIME types. This table lists important MIME types for the Web:
| Extension | Kind of document | MIME Type |
|---|---|---|
| .aac | AAC audio | audio/aac |
| .abw | AbiWord document | application/x-abiword |
| .arc | Archive document (multiple files embedded) | application/x-freearc |
| .avif | AVIF image | image/avif |
| .avi | AVI: Audio Video Interleave | video/x-msvideo |
| .azw | Amazon Kindle eBook format | application/vnd.amazon.ebook |
| .bin | Any kind of binary data | application/octet-stream |
| .bmp | Windows OS/2 Bitmap Graphics | image/bmp |
| .bz | BZip archive | application/x-bzip |
| .bz2 | BZip2 archive | application/x-bzip2 |
| .cda | CD audio | application/x-cdf |
| .csh | C-Shell script | application/x-csh |
| .css | Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) | text/css |
| .csv | Comma-separated values (CSV) | text/csv |
| .doc | Microsoft Word | application/msword |
| .docx | Microsoft Word (OpenXML) | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
| .eot | MS Embedded OpenType fonts | application/vnd.ms-fontobject |
| .epub | Electronic publication (EPUB) | application/epub+zip |
| .gz | GZip Compressed Archive | application/gzip |
| .gif | Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) | image/gif |
| .htm , .html | HyperText Markup Language (HTML) | text/html |
| .ico | Icon format | image/vnd.microsoft.icon |
| .ics | iCalendar format | text/calendar |
| .jar | Java Archive (JAR) | application/java-archive |
| .jpeg , .jpg | JPEG images | image/jpeg |
| .js | JavaScript | text/javascript (Specifications: HTML and RFC 9239) |
| .json | JSON format | application/json |
| .jsonld | JSON-LD format | application/ld+json |
| .mid , .midi | Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) | audio/midi , audio/x-midi |
| .mjs | JavaScript module | text/javascript |
| .mp3 | MP3 audio | audio/mpeg |
| .mp4 | MP4 video | video/mp4 |
| .mpeg | MPEG Video | video/mpeg |
| .mpkg | Apple Installer Package | application/vnd.apple.installer+xml |
| .odp | OpenDocument presentation document | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation |
| .ods | OpenDocument spreadsheet document | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet |
| .odt | OpenDocument text document | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text |
| .oga | OGG audio | audio/ogg |
| .ogv | OGG video | video/ogg |
| .ogx | OGG | application/ogg |
| .opus | Opus audio | audio/opus |
| .otf | OpenType font | font/otf |
| .png | Portable Network Graphics | image/png |
| Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) | application/pdf | |
| .php | Hypertext Preprocessor (Personal Home Page) | application/x-httpd-php |
| .ppt | Microsoft PowerPoint | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| .pptx | Microsoft PowerPoint (OpenXML) | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation |
| .rar | RAR archive | application/vnd.rar |
| .rtf | Rich Text Format (RTF) | application/rtf |
| .sh | Bourne shell script | application/x-sh |
| .svg | Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) | image/svg+xml |
| .tar | Tape Archive (TAR) | application/x-tar |
| .tif , .tiff | Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) | image/tiff |
| .ts | MPEG transport stream | video/mp2t |
| .ttf | TrueType Font | font/ttf |
| .txt | Text, (generally ASCII or ISO 8859-n) | text/plain |
| .vsd | Microsoft Visio | application/vnd.visio |
| .wav | Waveform Audio Format | audio/wav |
| .weba | WEBM audio | audio/webm |
| .webm | WEBM video | video/webm |
| .webp | WEBP image | image/webp |
| .woff | Web Open Font Format (WOFF) | font/woff |
| .woff2 | Web Open Font Format (WOFF) | font/woff2 |
| .xhtml | XHTML | application/xhtml+xml |
| .xls | Microsoft Excel | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| .xlsx | Microsoft Excel (OpenXML) | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet |
| .xml | XML | application/xml is recommended as of RFC 7303 (section 4.1), but text/xml is still used sometimes. You can assign a specific MIME type to a file with .xml extension depending on how its contents are meant to be interpreted. For instance, an Atom feed is application/atom+xml , but application/xml serves as a valid default. |
| .xul | XUL | application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml |
| .zip | ZIP archive | application/zip |
| .3gp | 3GPP audio/video container | video/3gpp ; audio/3gpp if it doesn’t contain video |
| .3g2 | 3GPP2 audio/video container | video/3gpp2 ; audio/3gpp2 if it doesn’t contain video |
| .7z | 7-zip archive | application/x-7z-compressed |
Found a content problem with this page?
This page was last modified on Apr 10, 2023 by MDN contributors.
What are All the Possible Values for HTTP “Content-Type” Header
The HTTP “Content-Type” Header is the identifier used to make the HTTP client and server understand the content or media type of the resource added in the document. It instructs the server on which media type the browser is looking for. The HTTP Content-Type header is supported by many browsers including “Google Chrome”, “Mozilla Firefox”, “Internet Explorer”, “Safari”, “Samsung browser” and “Opera”.
This blog will discuss about different values of the HTTP “Content-Type” Header.
How to Use the HTTP “Content-Type” Header?
The syntax to use the HTTP “Content-Type” Header is as follows:
Types of the Values in HTTP “Content-Type” Header
The types of the content type values used in the HTTP “Content-Type” Header are as follows:
All Values in HTTP “Content-Type” Header
There are multiple values for each content type used in the HTTP “Content-Type” Header. Let’s enlist all the possible values of each content type of the HTTP “Content-Type” Header.
Application
When an application is supposed to be added to the document, the “application” content type is used in the header. There are different types of application file formats that the HTTP supports:
-
- application/java-archive
- application/EDI-X12
- application/javascript
- application/xml
- application/pdf
- application/octet-stream
- application/ogg
- application/zip
- application/xhtml+xml
- application/x-shockwave-flash
- application/json
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded
- application/ld+json
- application/EDIFACT
When there is a need to add the audio files to the document, the “audio” content type is used in the header. Audio can be added in different formats as follows:
To add images in the document of different formats, there is the “image” content type and the following are the possible values for the Image content type:
-
- image/gif
- image/tiff
- image/vnd.djvu
- image/jpeg
- image/svg+xml
- image/png
- image/x-icon
- image/vnd.microsoft.icon
The “multipart” content type is added to upload files or content of different types in a single document. The following four values for the “multipart” content-type are valid in HTTP:
-
- multipart/mixed
- multipart/related
- multipart/form-data
- multipart/alternative
When there is a text file supposed to be added to the document, the “text” content type is used with any of the following six text format values:
-
- text/css
- text/javascript (obsolete)
- text/plain
- text/html
- text/xml
- text/csv
To efficiently display the videos, the “video” content type is used with the following content type values:
-
- video/mpeg
- video/x-ms-wmv
- video/x-msvideo
- video/webm
- video/mp4
- video/x-flv
- video/quicktime
VND (Vendor-specific)
Following are the values for the VND (Vendor-specific) content type for HTTP:
-
- application/vnd.android.package-archive
- application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
- application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml
- application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
- application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation
- application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
- application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
- application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics
- application/vnd.ms-excel
- application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
- application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
- application/msword
These are all the possible values for the HTTP “Content-Type” Header.
Conclusion
The HTTP “Content-Type” Header instructs the HTTP clients and server which type of file they must execute. There are multiple types of the HTTP “Content-Type” Header that includes application, audio, image, multipart, text, and video. Moreover, it comprises multiple values for these content or media types, for instance, text/html, application/pdf, audio/mpeg, etc. This blog is a good guide about different values used in the HTTP “Content-Type” header.
About the author
Hadia Atiq
A Software Engineer and Technical Writer passionate about learning and spreading knowledge of the latest technology. I utilize my writing skills to help readers understand the importance and usage of modern technology.
Работа с MIME-типами в PHP
«Internet Media Types» или «Медиа типы» — является стандартом RFC 6838, который описывает формат файла. Причем браузеры используют MIME-типы в качестве основного критерия, не воспринимая расширения файлов.
MIME-тип состоит из типа и подтипа — двух значений разделённых « / », без использования пробелов и в нижнем регистре, например HTML страница:
Полный список MIME типов можно посмотреть тут.
К медиа типу может быть добавлен параметр для указания дополнительных деталей (например кодировка):
Как узнать MIME-тип загруженного файла
При загрузке файла через форму, MIME-тип файла доступен в массиве $_FILES , например:
Для определения MIME уже загруженного файла существует PHP-функция mime_content_type().
echo mime_content_type(__DIR__ . '/image.png'); // image/png echo mime_content_type(__DIR__ . '/text.txt'); // text/plainПри работе с изображениями, MIME-тип можно получить с помощью функции getimagesize():
$filename = __DIR__ . '/image.png'; $info = getimagesize($filename); print_r($info);Результат:
Array ( [0] => 221 [1] => 96 [2] => 3 [3] => width="221" height="96" [bits] => 8 [mime] => image/png )Важно помнить что при проверке файлов нельзя полагаться только на проверку MIME, т.к. его значение может быть скомпрометировано. Поэтому нужно проводить более детальную проверку (например по размеру изображения или его пересохранить в предполагаемом формате).
Отправка файлов из PHP
В PHP-скриптах, перед отправкой файлов клиенту, необходимо отправлять заголовок Content-Type , например файл XML:
$content = '. '; header("Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8"); echo $content; exit();$file = ROOT_DIR . '/market.zip'; header('Content-type: application/zip'); header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: Binary'); header('Content-length: ' . filesize($file)); header('Content-disposition: attachment; filename="' . basename($file) . '"'); readfile($file); exit();Вывод изображения в зависимости от расширения файла:
$filename = __DIR__ . '/image.png'; $ext = mb_strtolower(mb_substr(mb_strrchr($filename, '.'), 1)); switch ($ext) < case 'png': header('Content-type: image/png'); break; case 'jpg': case 'jpeg': header('Content-type: image/jpeg'); break; case 'gif': header('Content-type: image/gif'); break; case 'wepb': header('Content-type: image/webp'); break; >readfile($filename); exit();