HTML Colors: How to add Color to your Web Page

Colors are applied to an HTML element using CSS. You can also pick which part of the element to apply color to.

We’ve just seen the various ways of applying styles to an HTML document. Some of those examples included adding color to the document. Seeing as color is a major part of any website design, let’s look more closely at applying color to a web page.

Foreground Color

Foreground color is used to change the color of an element’s text.

Foreground color is specified like this color:orange; .

Foreground color can also (indirectly) affect the color of other parts of the element, including its border.

This may or may not be the desired effect. However, it can always be overridden by explicitly specifying a color for the affected property.

Try this

Below is an example where a border is specified, along with its color.

Remove border-color:olivedrab; from the styles, then click Run to see how it changes the color of the border.

Background Color

Background color is specified like this: background-color:yellow

Border Color

We’ve already seen an example of specifying a color for an element’s border (above). That’s one way of specifying the various border properties.

You can also specify several border properties in one go (rather than separating them into different declarations). You can do this using the border shortcut property, which allows you to specify the border’s width, style, and color in one place.

Embedded and External Styles

The examples on this page use inline styles. As with all styles, you can also use the embedded method or the external method.

Color Names

In the above examples, I used color names to specify the colors.

You can specify a color by its name (eg, blue ), its hexadecimal value (eg, #0000ff ), RGB value (eg rgb(0,0,255) ), or its HSL value (eg hsl(240,100%,100%) ).

Beginners may find it easier to specify colors by their color name, as color names are probably a lot easier to remember than the other options. Although color names are easier to remember, the hexadecimal, RGB, and HSL notations provide you with more color options.

Hexadecimal color codes are a combination of letters and numbers. The numbers go from 0 to 9 and the letters go from A to F. When using hexadecimal color values in your HTML/CSS, you precede the value with a hash (#). Although hexadecimal values may look a little weird at first, you’ll soon get used to them.

If you use graphics software, such as Adobe Photoshop or GIMP, you might be used to the RGB or HSL methods.

The chart below shows some examples of color names, along with their corresponding hexadecimal and RGB values.

Color Name	Hex Code RGB	Decimal Code RGB
Black	000000	0,0,0
Silver	C0C0C0	192,192,192
Gray	808080	128,128,128
White	FFFFFF	255,255,255
Maroon	800000	128,0,0
Red	FF0000	255,0,0

Color Name	Hex Code RGB	Decimal Code RGB
Purple	800080	128,0,128
Fuchsia	FF00FF	255,0,255
Green	008000	0,128,0
Lime	00FF00	0,255,0
Olive	808000	128,128,0
Yellow	FFFF00	255,255,0

Color Name	Hex Code RGB	Decimal Code RGB
Navy	000080	0,0,128
Blue	0000FF	0,0,255
Teal	008080	0,128,128
Aqua	00FFFF	0,255,255

This table is a small sample of the enormous range of colors available in HTML. To see more, check out HTML Color Codes.

You can make up your own colors by simply entering any six digit hexadecimal value (preceded by a hash).

In the following example, we specify the same color using three different methods. The resulting color is the same.

If we wanted to change to a different shade of blue, we could change our value slightly like this:

Transparency

You can also use alpha to specify the level of opacity the color should have. This is only available on RGB and HSL notations. To do this, add the letter «a» to the functional notation (i.e. RGBA and HSLA ). For example, rgba(0,0,255,0.5) results in a semi-transparent blue, as does hsla(240, 100%, 50%, 0.5) .

Here’s an example of using RGBA to change the opacity.

Here’s an example of using HSLA to change the opacity.

Choosing Colors — The Easy Way

By using hexadecimal, RGB, or HSL notation, you have a choice of over 16 million different colors. For example, you can start with #000000 and increment by one value all the way up to #FFFFFF . Each different value represents a slightly different color.

But don’t worry — you won’t need to remember every single hexadecimal color value! The HTML color picker and color chart make it easy for you to choose colors for your website.

Related

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HTML Colors

HTML colors are specified with predefined color names, or with RGB, HEX, HSL, RGBA, or HSLA values.

Color Names

In HTML, a color can be specified by using a color name:

Background Color

You can set the background color for HTML elements:

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Example

Hello World

Lorem ipsum.

Text Color

You can set the color of text:

Hello World

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Example

Hello World

Lorem ipsum.

Ut wisi enim.

Border Color

You can set the color of borders:

Hello World

Hello World

Hello World

Example

Hello World

Hello World

Hello World

Color Values

In HTML, colors can also be specified using RGB values, HEX values, HSL values, RGBA values, and HSLA values.

The following three elements have their background color set with RGB, HEX, and HSL values:

The following two elements have their background color set with RGBA and HSLA values, which add an Alpha channel to the color (here we have 50% transparency):

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Colors Tutorial

Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Names

With CSS, colors can be set by using color names:

Example

CSS Color Values

With CSS, colors can be specified in different ways:

• By color names
• As RGB values
• As hexadecimal values
• As HSL values (CSS3)
• As HWB values (CSS4)
• With the currentcolor keyword

RGB Colors

RGB color values are supported in all browsers.

An RGB color value is specified with: rgb( RED , GREEN , BLUE ).

Each parameter defines the intensity of the color as an integer between 0 and 255.

For example, rgb(0,0,255) is rendered as blue, because the blue parameter is set to its highest value (255) and the others are set to 0.

Example

Shades of gray are often defined using equal values for all the 3 light sources:

Example

Hexadecimal Colors

Hexadecimal color values are also supported in all browsers.

A hexadecimal color is specified with: # RR GG BB .

RR (red), GG (green) and BB (blue) are hexadecimal integers between 00 and FF specifying the intensity of the color.

For example, #0000FF is displayed as blue, because the blue component is set to its highest value (FF) and the others are set to 00.

Example

Shades of gray are often defined using equal values for all the 3 light sources:

Example

Upper Case or Lower Case?

You can use upper case or lower case letters to specify hexadecimal values.

Lower case are easier to write. Upper case are easier to read.

Color Names

CSS supports 140 standard color names.

In the next chapter you will find a complete alphabetical list of color names with hexadecimal values:

Color Name	Hex	Color
AliceBlue	#F0F8FF
AntiqueWhite	#FAEBD7
Aqua	#00FFFF
Aquamarine	#7FFFD4
Azure	#F0FFFF
Beige	#F5F5DC
Bisque	#FFE4C4

The currentcolor Keyword

The currentcolor keyword refers to the value of the color property of an element.

Example

The border color of the following element will be blue, because the text color of the element is blue:

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