Der to pem java

SSL Converter

Use this SSL Converter to convert SSL certificates to and from different formats such as pem, der, p7b, and pfx. Different platforms and devices require SSL certificates to be converted to different formats. For example, a Windows server exports and imports .pfx files while an Apache server uses individual PEM (.crt, .cer) files. To use the SSL Converter, just select your certificate file and its current type (it will try to detect the type from the file extension) and then select what type you want to convert the certificate to and click Convert Certificate. For more information about the different SSL certificate types and how you can convert certificates on your computer using OpenSSL, see below.

PEM Format

The PEM format is the most common format that Certificate Authorities issue certificates in. PEM certificates usually have extensions such as .pem, .crt, .cer, and .key. They are Base64 encoded ASCII files and contain «——BEGIN CERTIFICATE——» and «——END CERTIFICATE——» statements. Server certificates, intermediate certificates, and private keys can all be put into the PEM format.

Apache and other similar servers use PEM format certificates. Several PEM certificates, and even the private key, can be included in one file, one below the other, but most platforms, such as Apache, expect the certificates and private key to be in separate files.

DER Format

The DER format is simply a binary form of a certificate instead of the ASCII PEM format. It sometimes has a file extension of .der but it often has a file extension of .cer so the only way to tell the difference between a DER .cer file and a PEM .cer file is to open it in a text editor and look for the BEGIN/END statements. All types of certificates and private keys can be encoded in DER format. DER is typically used with Java platforms. The SSL Converter can only convert certificates to DER format. If you need to convert a private key to DER, please use the OpenSSL commands on this page.

PKCS#7/P7B Format

The PKCS#7 or P7B format is usually stored in Base64 ASCII format and has a file extension of .p7b or .p7c. P7B certificates contain «——BEGIN PKCS7——» and «——END PKCS7——» statements. A P7B file only contains certificates and chain certificates, not the private key. Several platforms support P7B files including Microsoft Windows and Java Tomcat.

PKCS#12/PFX Format

The PKCS#12 or PFX format is a binary format for storing the server certificate, any intermediate certificates, and the private key in one encryptable file. PFX files usually have extensions such as .pfx and .p12. PFX files are typically used on Windows machines to import and export certificates and private keys.

When converting a PFX file to PEM format, OpenSSL will put all the certificates and the private key into a single file. You will need to open the file in a text editor and copy each certificate and private key (including the BEGIN/END statements) to its own individual text file and save them as certificate.cer, CACert.cer, and privateKey.key respectively.

OpenSSL Commands to Convert SSL Certificates on Your Machine

It is highly recommended that you convert to and from .pfx files on your own machine using OpenSSL so you can keep the private key there. Use the following OpenSSL commands to convert SSL certificate to different formats on your own machine:

OpenSSL Convert PEM

Convert PEM to DER

openssl x509 -outform der -in certificate.pem -out certificate.der

Convert PEM to P7B

openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile certificate.cer -out certificate.p7b -certfile CACert.cer

Convert PEM to PFX

openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privateKey.key -in certificate.crt -certfile CACert.crt

OpenSSL Convert DER

Convert DER to PEM

openssl x509 -inform der -in certificate.cer -out certificate.pem

OpenSSL Convert P7B

Convert P7B to PEM

openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -in certificate.p7b -out certificate.cer

Convert P7B to PFX

openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -in certificate.p7b -out certificate.cer

openssl pkcs12 -export -in certificate.cer -inkey privateKey.key -out certificate.pfx -certfile CACert.cer

OpenSSL Convert PFX

Convert PFX to PEM

openssl pkcs12 -in certificate.pfx -out certificate.cer -nodes

If you need to convert a Java Keystore file to a different format, it usually easier to create a new private key and certificates but it is possible to convert a Java Keystore to PEM format.

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Converting a Java Keystore Into PEM Format

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1. Introduction

A Java KeyStore is a container of security certificates that we can use when writing Java code. Java KeyStores hold one or more certificates with their matching private keys and are created using keytool which comes with the JDK.

In this tutorial, we’ll convert a Java KeyStore into PEM (Privacy-Enhanced Mail) format using a combination of keytool and openssl. The steps will include using keytool to convert the JKS into a PKCS#12 KeyStore, and then openssl to transform the PKCS#12 KeyStore into a PEM file.

keytool is available with the JDK, and we can download openssl from the OpenSSL website.

2. File Formats

Java KeyStores are stored in the JKS file format. It’s a proprietary format that is specifically for use in Java programs. PKCS#12 KeyStores are non-proprietary and are increasing in popularity — from Java 9 onward, PKCS#12 is used as the default KeyStore format over JKS.

PEM files are also certificate containers — they encode binary data using Base64, which allows the content to be transmitted more easily through different systems. A PEM file may contain multiple instances, with each instance adhering to two rules:

specifies the type of the encoded message, common values being CERTIFICATE and PRIVATE KEY.

keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -v -keystore keystore.jks -alias first-key-pair

keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -v -keystore keystore.jks -alias second-key-pair

keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore keystore.jks \ -destkeystore keystore.p12 \ -srcstoretype jks \ -deststoretype pkcs12

Entry for alias first-key-pair successfully imported. Entry for alias second-key-pair successfully imported. Import command completed: 2 entries successfully imported, 0 entries failed or cancelled

openssl pkcs12 -in keystore.p12 -out keystore.pem

openssl pkcs12 -nodes -in keystore.p12 -out keystore.pem

keytool -exportcert -alias first-key-pair -keystore keystore.jks -rfc -file first-key-pair-cert.pem

Certificate stored in file