HTML Styles

The HTML style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.

Example

The HTML Style Attribute

Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute.

The HTML style attribute has the following syntax:

The property is a CSS property. The value is a CSS value.

You will learn more about CSS later in this tutorial.

Background Color

The CSS background-color property defines the background color for an HTML element.

Example

Set the background color for a page to powderblue:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Example

Set background color for two different elements:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Text Color

The CSS color property defines the text color for an HTML element:

Example

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Fonts

The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used for an HTML element:

Example

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Text Size

The CSS font-size property defines the text size for an HTML element:

Example

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Text Alignment

The CSS text-align property defines the horizontal text alignment for an HTML element:

Example

Centered Heading

Centered paragraph.

Chapter Summary

• Use the style attribute for styling HTML elements
• Use background-color for background color
• Use color for text colors
• Use font-family for text fonts
• Use font-size for text sizes
• Use text-align for text alignment

HTML Exercises

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: The Style Information element

The HTML element contains style information for a document, or part of a document. It contains CSS, which is applied to the contents of the document containing the element.

Try it

If you include multiple and elements in your document, they will be applied to the DOM in the order they are included in the document — make sure you include them in the correct order, to avoid unexpected cascade issues.

In the same manner as elements, elements can include media attributes that contain media queries, allowing you to selectively apply internal stylesheets to your document depending on media features such as viewport width.

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

This attribute defines which media the style should be applied to. Its value is a media query, which defaults to all if the attribute is missing.

A cryptographic nonce (number used once) used to allow inline styles in a style-src Content-Security-Policy. The server must generate a unique nonce value each time it transmits a policy. It is critical to provide a nonce that cannot be guessed as bypassing a resource’s policy is otherwise trivial.

This attribute specifies alternative style sheet sets.

This attribute explicitly indicates that certain operations should be blocked on the fetching of critical subresources. @import -ed stylesheets are generally considered as critical subresources, whereas background-image and fonts are not.

Deprecated attributes

This attribute should not be provided: if it is, the only permitted values are the empty string or a case-insensitive match for text/css .

Examples

A simple stylesheet

In the following example, we apply a very simple stylesheet to a document:

doctype html> html lang="en-US"> head> meta charset="UTF-8" /> title>Test pagetitle> style> p  color: red; > style> head> body> p>This is my paragraph.p> body> html> 

Result

Multiple style elements

In this example we’ve included two elements — notice how the conflicting declarations in the later element override those in the earlier one, if they have equal specificity.

doctype html> html lang="en-US"> head> meta charset="UTF-8" /> title>Test pagetitle> style> p  color: white; background-color: blue; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; > style> style> p  color: blue; background-color: yellow; > style> head> body> p>This is my paragraph.p> body> html> 

Result

Including a media query

In this example we build on the previous one, including a media attribute on the second element so it is only applied when the viewport is less than 500px in width.

doctype html> html lang="en-US"> head> meta charset="UTF-8" /> title>Test pagetitle> style> p  color: white; background-color: blue; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; > style> style media="all and (max-width: 500px)"> p  color: blue; background-color: yellow; > style> head> body> p>This is my paragraph.p> body> html> 

Result

Technical summary

Content categories	Metadata content, and if the scoped attribute is present: flow content.
Permitted content	Text content matching the type attribute, that is text/css .
Tag omission	Neither tag is omissible.
Permitted parents	Any element that accepts metadata content.
Implicit ARIA role	No corresponding role
Permitted ARIA roles	No role permitted
DOM interface	HTMLStyleElement

Specifications

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

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How To Add CSS

When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the HTML document according to the information in the style sheet.

Three Ways to Insert CSS

There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:

External CSS

With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just one file!

Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the element, inside the head section.

Example

External styles are defined within the element, inside the section of an HTML page:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

An external style sheet can be written in any text editor, and must be saved with a .css extension.

The external .css file should not contain any HTML tags.

Here is how the «mystyle.css» file looks:

«mystyle.css»

body <
background-color: lightblue;
>

h1 color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
>

Note: Do not add a space between the property value (20) and the unit (px):
Incorrect (space): margin-left: 20 px;
Correct (no space): margin-left: 20px;

Internal CSS

An internal style sheet may be used if one single HTML page has a unique style.

The internal style is defined inside the element, inside the head section.

Example

Internal styles are defined within the element, inside the section of an HTML page:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Inline CSS

An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.

To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.

Example

Inline styles are defined within the «style» attribute of the relevant element:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Tip: An inline style loses many of the advantages of a style sheet (by mixing content with presentation). Use this method sparingly.

Multiple Style Sheets

If some properties have been defined for the same selector (element) in different style sheets, the value from the last read style sheet will be used.

Assume that an external style sheet has the following style for the element:

Then, assume that an internal style sheet also has the following style for the element:

Example

If the internal style is defined after the link to the external style sheet, the elements will be «orange»:

Example

However, if the internal style is defined before the link to the external style sheet, the elements will be «navy»:

Cascading Order

What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element?

All the styles in a page will «cascade» into a new «virtual» style sheet by the following rules, where number one has the highest priority:

1. Inline style (inside an HTML element)
2. External and internal style sheets (in the head section)
3. Browser default

So, an inline style has the highest priority, and will override external and internal styles and browser defaults.

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